The gravitational potential energy keeps planets in orbit around the sun. The roller coaster in an amusement park begins with the conversion of kinetic energy into gravitational potential energy. For example, hydrogen fusion in the sun converts potential energy stored in solar matter into light energy. Nuclear potential energy – potential energy possessed by particles (neutrons, protons) inside an atomic nucleus is nuclear potential energy. There are two types – electrostatic potential energy and electrodynamic potential energy or magnetic potential energy. Electrical potential energy – energy possessed by an object by virtue of its electric charge is electrical potential energy. When fuel is used, for example, chemical energy stored in fuel is converted to produce heat. Chemical energy possessed by a substance due to the potential it has to undergo a chemical change by taking part in a chemical reaction is chemical potential energy of the substance. Chemical potential energy – energy related to arrangement of atoms and molecules in a structure is chemical potential energy. The restoring force is elasticity which acts in the opposite direction. Elastic potential energy – energy possessed by an elastic body like the bow and catapult when it is stretched and deformed in one direction is elastic potential energy. For example, when a book is placed on top of a table, energy required to raise the book from the floor and energy possessed by the book due to its elevated position on the table is gravitational potential energy. Gravitational potential energy – potential energy of an object which is associated with gravitational force. Potential energy is classified depending on the applicable restoring force. The kinetic energy of such a body is the measure of its temperature. The atoms and molecules in it are in constant motion. Rotational kinetic energy of a rotating body is calculated as the total kinetic energy of its different moving parts.īodies at rest also have kinetic energy. Rigid bodies which rotate along their center of mass possess rotational kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is related to momentum through the relationĪnd hence translational kinetic energy is calculated as Kinetic energy of an object is related to its momentum (product of mass and velocity, p= mv where m is mass and v is velocity). Thus translational kinetic energy is kinetic energy possessed by an object moving in a straight line. Rigid non rotating bodies have rectilinear motion. Kinetic energy can be classified into two types, depending on the type of objects: Types of Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy The term "potential energy" was coined by William Rankine, a Scottish physicist and engineer who contibuted to a variety of sciences, including thermodynamics. In particular, "kinetic energy" is believed to have been coined by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) around 1850. The word "kinetic" is derived from the Greek word kinesis, which means "motion." The terms "kinetic energy" and "work", as understood and used today, originated in the 19th century. As the mass is dropped, stored potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. The energy needed to lift up the mass is stored as potential energy due to its position. When any mass is lifted, the gravitational force of the earth (and the restoring force in this case) acts to bring it back down. When the spring is released, the stored potential energy is converted into kinetic energy by the restoring force. 
The force required to stretch the spring is stored in the metal as potential energy. This force is called restoring force and acts to bring objects and systems to their low energy level position. When a spring is stretched to one side, it exerts a force to the other side so it can come back to its original state. As the pendulum begins its downward swing, the stored potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. As the pendulum swings the suspended body moves higher and due to its position potential energy increases and reaches a maximum at the top. Take a classic example of a simple pendulum. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be destroyed but can only be transformed from one form into another. Interconversion of Kinetic and Potential Energy
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